EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
Las claves para utilizar el presente simple son:
Cuando se quiere comunicar estados o acciones permanentes.
Ejemplo: The earth is the third planet from the sun.
Estados o situaciones que son rutinas.
Ejemplo: Every ten years is a decade.
Para hábitos o rutinas que se repiten en un lapso de tiempo determinado.
Ejemplo: I drink coffee every morning.
Para dar instrucciones o indicaciones.
Ejemplo: You go down this street to the cinema, then you turn right .
Para hechos, compromisos que pasarán en cierto momento.
Ejemplo: Tomorrow is my birthday!
El presente simple NO debe ser utilizado para acciones o hechos que están ocurriendo al instante. Es un error común y lo correcto para dicha situación es utilizar el Presente Continuo.
El presente simple y su estructura
Afirmativa | Sujeto + verbo + complemento |
Negativa | Sujeto + auxiliar do/does not + verbo + complemento |
Interrogativa | Auxiliar do/does + sujeto + verbo + complemento |
Conjugación del presente simple
Present Simple: to drink (tomar) | ||
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa |
I drink too much coffee | I do not drink too much coffee | Do I drink too much coffee? |
You drink too much coffee | You do not drink too much coffee | Do you drink too much coffee? |
He drinks too much coffee | He does not drink too much coffee | Does he drink too much coffee? |
She drinks too much coffee | She does not drink too much coffee | Does she drink too much coffee? |
It drinks too much coffee | It does not drink too much coffee | Does it drink too much coffee? |
We drink too much coffee | We do not drink too much coffee | Do we drink too much coffee? |
They drink too much coffee | They do not drink too much coffee | Do they drink too much coffee? |
Tercera persona en presente simple
Para conjugar la tercera persona del singular tan solo hay que añadir una -s. Sin embargo, existen algunas excepciones a esta regla:
Ejemplo:
do – he does
wash – she washes
con los verbos acabados en consonante + y, esta última se transforma en ie antes de añadir la -s. Si el verbo termina en vocal + y, se puede añadir la -s sin necesidad de transformarlo;
Ejemplo:
worry – he worries
(sin embargo: play – he plays)
A los verbos modales, como can, may, might o must, nunca se les añade una -s. Se mantienen invariables en todas sus formas.
Ejemplo:
he can swim
she must go
Ejemplo:
Colin likes football. He is a forward. A forward tries to score goals for his team. Colin plays football every Tuesday. His training starts at five o’clock. After school Colin goes home, packs his bag, puts on his football shirt and then he goes to football training. He has to take the bus. The bus leaves at half past four.
Los adverbios de frecuencia permiten identificar el tiempo verbal que debe emplearse una oración.
- Always
- Often
- Sometimes
- Normally
- Never
- Usually
- Every day/week/month/…
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